Study type: Human research · Status: Verified against declared source
Cathelicidin LL-37: A new important molecule in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus
2019
Study scale: Not reported
Abstract only: Open source record
Product or molecular entity relationships
- LL-37: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.
Plain-language verified summary
Question
Among the signaling pathways responsible for LL-37 production, two play an important role—vitamin D-induced LL-37 expression naturally under non-inflammatory conditions, and nuclear factor K–B (NF-KB)-induced expression that is activated under during inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress [[12], [13], [14]].
Methods
LL-37 is a cationic protein of 37 amino acids encoded as an inactive predecessor by cAMP on chromosome 3.
Scale or participants
Not reported in the reviewed source.
Key findings
Besides its antimicrobial functions, LL-37 acts as an immunomodulator by exerting both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the microenvironment where it is secreted [10].
Limitations and uncertainty
Cathelicidin LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide that is synthesized by epithelial cells, neutrophils, or lymphocytes and act as an essential defense mechanism against bacterial, viral, or fungi infection of eukaryotic organisms.
Verified against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.