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Defiance International

Published study records

Studies & Evidence Library

Study records describe published research and its limitations. They do not establish efficacy, safety, or suitability for any use.

Study record counts

67,283 study records.

409 evidence-verified · 7,301 citation-verified · 59,573 citation-only

Verified records by research setting

  • Human research: 965
  • In vitro: 2,961
  • In vivo/preclinical: 3,784
  • Review/meta-analysis: 0
  • Other: 0
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Current study records

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Design and Screening of the Peptide SAMP-12aa Derived from LL-37, Which Exhibits Anti-H. Pylori Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • LL-37: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Cerebrolysin after Endovascular Thrombectomy in Stroke: 12‐Month Functional Outcomes in a Propensity‐Matched Cohort.

Translational stroke research · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Cerebrolysin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

MOTS‐c protects against placental injury via Nrf2 activation in hypoxia‐induced intrauterine growth restriction mice.

International journal of molecular medicine · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • MOTS-c: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Calretinin and Parvalbumin Trapping of TDP43 and XRCC1 Instructs Neocortical Interneuron Death in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Biomolecules · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Slightly older piglets (7–10 days old, 3.0–4.5 kg, males and females) were subjected to HI (n = 21) and sham (n = 6) procedures for neuropathology outcomes and scalp EEG recordings with survival of 4 days.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Therapeutic Effects of MOTS-c in the Valproic Acid-Induced Autism Model in Rats: Role of Tetrahydrobiopterin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

Molecular neurobiology · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • MOTS-c: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Schematic timeline illustrating the experimental design and procedures conducted throughout the study.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Humanin improves bone health in a glucocorticoid-treated mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Humanin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

In this preclinical study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of HNG in preventing GC-induced growth retardation and osteoporosis in mouse models of DMD.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Diagnostic potential of serum humanin in breast cancer among the Egyptian population

Discover oncology · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Humanin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

A total of 75 female patients with primary non-metastatic breast cancer and 70 age-matched healthy controls of comparable age were enrolled in this study.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Serum humanin concentrations were significantly elevated in breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001).

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Cerebrolysin, hemorrhagic transformation, and anticoagulation timing after reperfusion therapy in stroke: post hoc secondary analysis of the CEREHETIS trial

Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Cerebrolysin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not reported in the declared source.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

However, the temporal characteristics of Cerebrolysin’s anti-HT effects and their implications for the timing of anticoagulation resumption in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unclear.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Acute effects of continuous and interval cycling on salivary SIgA and anti-microbial peptide secretions: a randomized crossover trial.

European journal of applied physiology · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • LL-37: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • BPC-157: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Characterization of the Effects of a Humanin Fragment Peptide (HNF14) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Journal of clinical medicine · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Humanin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Mitochondrial derived peptide humanin improved semen quality, semen freezability, antioxidant status and in-vitro fertility in crossbred bull.

Scientific reports · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Humanin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

At the pre-freeze stage, spermprogressive motility did not differ significantly between the control and treatment groups.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Effect of humanin supplementation on sperm kinematics at post thaw stage as assessed using computer assisted semen analyser (CASA).

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.