Study type: Human research · Status: Verified against declared source

Humanin, a cytoprotective chemical sequence, is expressed in carotid atherosclerotic [corrected] plaques in humans.

PloS one · 2012

Study scale: Cellular apoptosis occurs within the atheroma and is well-documented yet its role is not fully understood.

Product or molecular entity relationships

Humanin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Plain-language verified summary

Question

At present, the mechanism leading to higher expression of HN in plaques of symptomatic patients remains speculative, particularly because progression of the atheromatous plaque is multifactorial.

Methods

Apoptosis was evaluated by the TUNEL method using a commercially available kit (Apoptag® Peroxidase In-Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit; Chemicon) [28] according to the vendor's instructions, as previously described [20], [25], using rat mammary gland tissue for positive control and omission of TdT enzyme as a negative control.

Scale or participants

Cellular apoptosis occurs within the atheroma and is well-documented yet its role is not fully understood.

Key findings

Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial 16S rRNA that was first discovered upon isolation from the occipital lobe of a patient with Alzheimer's disease [14], [15].

Limitations and uncertainty

In addition, HN was found to be expressed in both M1 and M2 phase macrophages.

Verified against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.