Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source
Behavioral-state modulation of inhibition is context-dependent and cell type specific in mouse visual cortex.
eLife · 2016
Study scale: (A–B) Scatter plots of the mean amplitude of fluorescence changes (ΔF/F0) of each neuron for locomotion periods versus stationary periods, in darkness (A) and during visual stimulation (oriented gratings) (B); (i) excitatory cells (Exc), n = 1124; (ii) VIP, n = 210; (iii) SST, n = 79; (iv) PV, n = 199 neurons.
Abstract only: Open source record
Product or molecular entity relationships
- VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.
Public plain-language summary
The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.
Research question
One hypothesis that would explain these contradictory findings would be if the way that behavior, in this case movement, affects neuronal responses also depends on the external context in which the movement happens.
Study design
Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in layers 2/3 and 4 in mouse V1, we reveal that locomotion increases the activity of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons during visual stimulation, challenging the disinhibition model.
Participants or experimental system
Now, Pakan et al. have tested this hypothesis by imaging the activity of different types of neurons in the primary visual cortex of mice that were either running on a treadmill or staying still.
Study scale
(A–B) Scatter plots of the mean amplitude of fluorescence changes (ΔF/F0) of each neuron for locomotion periods versus stationary periods, in darkness (A) and during visual stimulation (oriented gratings) (B); (i) excitatory cells (Exc), n = 1124; (ii) VIP, n = 210; (iii) SST, n = 79; (iv) PV, n = 199 neurons.
Intervention or exposure
For example, when the mice received visual stimulation, the three main classes of neurons that send inhibitory signals in the visual cortex became more active during running.
Comparator
These findings establish that modulation of neuronal activity by locomotion is context-dependent and contest the generality of a disinhibitory circuit for gain control of sensory responses by behavioral state.
Outcomes examined
In the primary visual cortex (V1), visual responses of pyramidal neurons increase during locomotion.
Key findings
Context-dependent locomotion responses were found in each cell type, with the highest proportion among SST neurons.
Limitations and uncertainty
Consequently, potential confounding factors in the present study would be (1) different intracellular calcium dynamics in different types of inhibitory neurons as well as (2) a higher increase of cytosolic free calcium concentration for the same number of spikes during locomotion compared to stationary periods.
Product relevance and evidence boundary
This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.
Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.