Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source
Both objective and paradoxical insomnia elicit a stress response involving mitokine production.
Aging · 2020
Study scale: Patients with SE < 85% were classified as O-IN (n = 14); those with SE > 85% were classified as P-IN (n = 24).
Abstract only: Open source record
Product or molecular entity relationships
- Humanin: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.
Public plain-language summary
The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.
Research question
We have investigated the level of parameters related to stress in a group of post-menopausal female patients (age range 55-70 years) suffering by either objective or paradoxical insomnia, in particular we have measured 24-hours urinary cortisol, allostatic load index, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score, and, for the first time, mitokines (mitochondrial stress response molecules) such as FGF21, GDF15 and Humanin (HN).
Study design
They were divided in two groups (objective and paradoxical insomniacs, O-IN and P-IN) based on sleep efficiency (SE) values extrapolated from a one-week actigraphic monitoring.
Participants or experimental system
From 9 to 50% of patients suffer of paradoxical insomnia, with the same symptoms and ailments, though characterized by normal sleep patterns.
Study scale
Patients with SE < 85% were classified as O-IN (n = 14); those with SE > 85% were classified as P-IN (n = 24).
Intervention or exposure
Such drugs do not interfere with sleep homeostasis, except for beta-blockers used for hypertension treatment, assumed by one O-IN and three P-IN patients.
Comparator
As far as the level of mitokines, we showed that FGF21 and HN in particular resulted altered (decreased and increased, respectively) with respect to control population, however with no difference between the two groups of patients.
Outcomes examined
Therefore, the consequences of paradoxical insomnia on the expression of these parameters are the same as objective insomnia.
Key findings
Results show that the two groups are different as far as sleep efficiency score, as expected, but not for stress parameters, that in some cases resulted within the normality range, although quite close to the top threshold (such as cortisol) or much higher with respect to normality ranges (such as PSS).
Limitations and uncertainty
In order to avoid gender/endocrine bias, only post-menopause female patients were enrolled.
Product relevance and evidence boundary
This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.
Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.