Study type: In vitro · Verification: Citation verified
Human host defense peptide LL-37 facilitates double-stranded RNA pro-inflammatory signaling through up-regulation of TLR3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2020
Study scale: Not reported in the declared source.
Bibliographic details only: Open source record
Product or molecular entity relationships
- LL-37: Catalog source association. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.
No public summary
No plain-language summary is published in this record. Summary availability is separate from its verification. Consult the cited publication when a public link is available.
Limitations and uncertainty
Not reported in the declared source.
Citation verified. The PMID shown was confirmed at PubMed on 2026-08-16, and its study type matched the catalog’s source record. It is held as a citation, not evidence. No tier is an endorsement, an evidence-strength rating, or independent replication, and none establishes efficacy, safety, or suitability.