Published study records

Study records for VIP

Study records describe published research and its limitations. They do not establish efficacy, safety, or suitability for any use.

Study record counts

4,830 study records.

72 evidence-verified · 3,139 citation-verified · 1,619 citation-only

Verified records by research setting

Human research: 56
In vitro: 1,406
In vivo/preclinical: 1,749
Review/meta-analysis: 0
Other: 0

Current study records

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Calretinin and Parvalbumin Trapping of TDP43 and XRCC1 Instructs Neocortical Interneuron Death in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Biomolecules · 2026

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Slightly older piglets (7–10 days old, 3.0–4.5 kg, males and females) were subjected to HI (n = 21) and sham (n = 6) procedures for neuropathology outcomes and scalp EEG recordings with survival of 4 days.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Biologically grounded neocortex computational primitives implemented on neuromorphic hardware improve vision transformer performance.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025

Study scale: (B) Average light-evoked postsynaptic voltage responses (10 trials) in a representative V1 pyramidal neuron at the indicated holding potentials under control conditions (magenta) and following GABAzine application (black).

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Research question

Here, we develop an experimentally constrained, biophysically realistic model of neocortical microcircuits in the mouse primary visual cortex (layers 2 to 3) to examine how four major interneuron classes, Parvalbumin, Somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and LAMP5, interact within a competitive–cooperative motif to implement soft winner-take-all (sWTA) circuit dynamics.

Study design

In a conductance-based network grounded in in vitro physiology, we show that this circuit motif selectively amplifies strong inputs while suppressing, without silencing, weaker ones, enabling gain modulation, signal restoration, and context-dependent multistability.

Participants or experimental system

We implement a biologically grounded cortical circuit motif in neuromorphic hardware and AI architectures to show how experimentally informed neocortical computations, realized through cell-type-specific soft winner-take-all (sWTA) dynamics, can enhance AI.

Study scale

(B) Average light-evoked postsynaptic voltage responses (10 trials) in a representative V1 pyramidal neuron at the indicated holding potentials under control conditions (magenta) and following GABAzine application (black).

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Parvalbumin (PV) provided feedforward inhibition, somatostatin (SST) feedback inhibition, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) disinhibition, and LAMP5 gain normalization, capturing core mechanisms of cortical gain control and competitive filtering.

Outcomes examined

Sensory processing in the primary visual cortex (V1) requires layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons to integrate bottom–up thalamic input with top–down contextual feedback from higher cortical areas.

Key findings

Hardware implementations demonstrated linear compute-time scaling with load, contrasting the quadratic scaling of simulations.

Limitations and uncertainty

Despite its theoretical appeal, direct evidence for WTA implementation at the level of circuit structure and biological substrate remains limited.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in COVID-19 Therapy-Shedding of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 via ADAM10.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2025

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Adenine base editing of CFTR using receptor targeted nanoparticles restores function to G542X cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Research question

In this study, we explored the hypothesis that delivery of ABE using novel self-assembling receptor targeted lipid nanoparticles (RTN) and conversion of G542X to G542R could lead to a therapeutically functional treatment.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

We used an adenine base editor (ABE8e Cas9) and guide RNA (sgRNA)/enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmids encapsulated in receptor targeted nanoparticles (RTN), delivered to Bmi-1 transduced basal human CF airway epithelial cells harbouring the homozygous CFTR G542X variant, to convert the stop codon to G542R, a variant which is amenable to modulator therapy.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

52% editing alone or 17% and 52% editing of CFTR G542X plus treatment with CFTR modulators (VX-445/VX-661/VX-770; ETI/Trikafta/Kaftrio) increased epithelial CFTR protein expression, CFTR protein band C abundance, CFTR172 inhibitable anion transport, and changes in airway surface liquid height and pH in response to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulation.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

We assessed editing efficiency of ABE delivered as plasmid DNA also encoding EGFP, by RTN to CFTR G542X homozygous airway epithelial cells.

Key findings

This results in nonsense-mediated decay and loss of functional CFTR protein which leads to defective anion transport and the development of CF disease pathology.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Mitofusin 2 controls mitochondrial and synaptic dynamics of suprachiasmatic VIP neurons and related circadian rhythms.

The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025

Study scale: Not reported in the declared source.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Research question

Given the indispensable role of SCN VIP neurons in maintaining circadian rhythm (5), we examined here the effect of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial membrane protein involved in the control of the fusion process (19), on SCN VIP neuronal activity and downstream effects on behavior, thermoregulation, and sleep.

Study design

To examine the underlying mechanism of this aberrant neuronal activation, we performed ex vivo electrophysiology recordings in 2 groups of animals to measure the membrane potential of the SCN VIP neurons and found that Mfn2–/– mice had more depolarized membranes of VIP neurons than did their control counterparts (Figure 3G).

Participants or experimental system

Perturbed mitochondrial dynamics achieved by conditional ablation of the fusogenic protein mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in VIP neurons caused disrupted circadian oscillation in mitochondria and synapses in SCN VIP neurons, leading to desynchronization of entrainment to the LD cycle in Mfn2-deficient mice that resulted in an advanced phase angle of their locomotor activity onset, alterations in core body temperature, and sleep-wake amount and architecture.

Study scale

Not reported in the declared source.

Intervention or exposure

Next, we quantified cFos expression in the SCN of Mfn2–/– and control mice exposed to light at ZT13 for 1 hour.

Comparator

This study showed that mitochondrial dynamics governed by the molecule, mitofusin 2, controls synaptic plasticity of neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and their functional output.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Here, we demonstrate that mitochondria and synaptic input organization of suprachiasmatic (SCN) vasoactive intestinal peptide–expressing (VIP-expressing) neurons showed circadian rhythmicity.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not reported in the declared source.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

GluN2C/D-containing NMDA receptors enhance temporal summation and increase sound-evoked and spontaneous firing in the inferior colliculus.

The Journal of physiology · 2025

Study scale: Male (n = 18) and female (n = 15) mice aged P30–P66 were used.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Here, we tested whether GluN2C/D‐containing NMDARs mediate NMDAR currents in the IC, as well as the role of these receptors in synaptic integration and sound processing.

Study design

Consistent with this, we show in vivo that blocking GluN2C/D‐containing receptors decreases both the spontaneous firing rate and the overall firing rate elicited by amplitude‐modulated sounds in many IC neurons.

Participants or experimental system

In line with this previous work, we recently found in adult mice that optogenetic stimulation of commissural inputs elicited EPSPs in IC vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons that had a significant contribution from NMDARs at resting membrane potential (Goyer et al., 2019).

Study scale

Male (n = 18) and female (n = 15) mice aged P30–P66 were used.

Intervention or exposure

In line with this, during in vivo recordings from awake mice, local infusion of a GluN2C/D‐specific antagonist decreased spontaneous and sound‐evoked firing rates in many IC neurons.

Comparator

These receptors are less susceptible to Mg2+ blockade compared to GluN2A/B‐containing NMDARs, allowing ions to flow at resting membrane potential.

Outcomes examined

Here, we report the widespread expression of Glun2c and Glun2d mRNA in IC neurons.

Key findings

In addition, GluN2C/D‐containing receptors have much slower kinetics than other NMDA receptors, and we found that GluN2D‐containing receptors facilitate temporal summation of synaptic inputs in vasoactive intestinal peptide neurons.

Limitations and uncertainty

Additionally, although we show here that many NMDARs on VIP neurons contain the GluN2D subunit, the full subunit composition of the receptor remains unknown.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Reward history guides focal attention in whisker somatosensory cortex.

Nature communications · 2025

Study scale: Attentional boosting in L2/3 pyramidal cells is topographically precise and whisker-specific, and shifts receptive fields toward the attended whisker.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Research question

Mice provide powerful cell-type-specific tools to identify precise neural circuit mechanisms underlying attentional processing.

Study design

Stage 7 represented the final whisker detection task, which included completely randomized Go/NoGo trials, a fixed trial abort window and reward plateau parameters, and eliminating the blue light that signaled reward delivery.

Participants or experimental system

In a whisker touch detection task, we show that mice flexibly shift attention between specific whiskers on a trial-by-trial timescale, guided by the recent history of stimulus-reward association.

Study scale

Attentional boosting in L2/3 pyramidal cells is topographically precise and whisker-specific, and shifts receptive fields toward the attended whisker.

Intervention or exposure

Boosting also failed to occur if the mouse licked to the prior Go but received no reward (i.e., unrewarded hits) or a very small reward (< 4% of maximal reward volume (d’>1HitSame vs d’>1HitDiff, p = 0.49, permutation test) (Fig. 1F).

Comparator

However, the fine-scale organization of attentional boosting in sensory cortex and the neural circuits that control it remain unclear.

Outcomes examined

The neurobiology of attention has been studied extensively in non-human primates1,18, and has been shown to involve boosting of signal-to-noise ratio for neural encoding of attended sensory features across the cortical sensory hierarchy, including primary sensory cortex.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Parvalbumin Interneuron-Dependent Hippocampal Neurogenesis Evoked by Prolonged Rhythmic Light Flicker.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Spatial learning performance was evaluated using the active place avoidance (APA) test from day 25 to day 30 (Figure 1A).

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Synaptic organization and associative learning-related activity of basolateral amygdala interneurons.

Cell reports · 2025

Study scale: Not reported in the declared source.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Stimulus-specific enhancement in mouse visual cortex requires GABA but not VIP-peptide release from VIP interneurons.

Journal of neurophysiology · 2024

Study scale: Not reported in the declared source.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Limitations and uncertainty

Not reported in the declared source.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Proteomic Insights into the Effects of Jianweixiaoshi Tablets on Functional Dyspepsia with Spleen Deficiency in Rats.

Drug design, development and therapy · 2024

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Research question

Not reported in the declared source.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

The rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion was assessed using a phenol red meal, as described in previous studies.26 After overnight fasting, the rats were given 2 mL of 10% hydroxymethyl cellulose containing 0.04% phenol red by gavage 1 h after the last administration.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

The mechanism of transcutaneous gastric pacing treatment on gastrointestinal motility recovery and inflammation improvement in early-stage acute pancreatitis patients.

BMC gastroenterology · 2024

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

VIP: Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

After admission, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups by SPSS computer randomization method: one group was TGP group, and the other group was conventional treatment group.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Sixty-five AP patients were randomly divided into conventional treatment group and TGP group.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Compared with the conventional treatment group, the TGP treatment significantly improved symptoms in early AP patients, and shortened the first defecation time (p < 0.05) and the hospital days (p < 0.05).

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.