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Defiance International

Published study records

Study records for Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500)

Study records describe published research and its limitations. They do not establish efficacy, safety, or suitability for any use.

Study record counts

372 study records.

21 evidence-verified · 242 citation-verified · 109 citation-only

Verified records by research setting

  • Human research: 18
  • In vitro: 145
  • In vivo/preclinical: 100
  • Review/meta-analysis: 0
  • Other: 0
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Current study records

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Thymosin β4 promotes zebrafish Mauthner axon regeneration by facilitating actin polymerization through binding to G-actin.

BMC biology · 2024

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Thymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.

International immunopharmacology · 2023

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.

Biosensors · 2023

Study scale: Not reported in the declared source.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Barrier integrity of the epithelium was qualitatively evaluated through ZO-1 and occludin immunostaining.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not reported in the declared source.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Thymosin β4 and prothymosin α promote cardiac regeneration post-ischaemic injury in mice.

Cardiovascular research · 2023

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

For cardiac surgeries, mice were injected subcutaneously with buprenorphine (0.05–0.1 mg/kg) as an analgesic at least 30 min prior to surgery to alleviate pain or distress.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Here, we demonstrate increased 5-ethynyl-2’deoxyuridine incorporation in cardiomyocytes 3 days post-myocardial infarction in mice.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Thymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.

Stem cell research & therapy · 2022

Study scale: Not reported in the declared source.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: Human research · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.

Microbial biotechnology · 2021

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Thymosin β4 dynamics during chicken enteroid development.

Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021

Study scale: Not reported in the declared source.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta-4 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection

Mediators of inflammation · 2021

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not reported in the declared source.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

The CRP concentrations in mouse sera were measured using a Mouse C-Reactive Protein ELISA Kit according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Corneal Infection.

Cells · 2021

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vitro · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Antimicrobial Effects of Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Keratitis

International journal of molecular sciences · 2020

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Public plain-language summary

Some fields are not published, because the text held for them did not answer their heading. The published text is limited to the declared source and preserves reported uncertainty. It does not establish efficacy, safety, suitability, or evidence strength.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were executed using a 96-well microdilution technique using the following four treatment groups: media only (control), Tβ4, ciprofloxacin, and Tβ4 + ciprofloxacin.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Cloning, Expression and Effects of P. americana Thymosin on Wound Healing.

International journal of molecular sciences · 2019

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Research question

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.

Study type: In vivo/preclinical · Status: Evidence verified by machine against declared source

Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy Improves Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis

Cells · 2018

Study scale: Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Abstract only: Open source record

Product or molecular entity relationships

  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB500): Exact entity relationship. Legacy citation custody associates this source with the catalog record; no product-relevance conclusion is implied.

Summary withheld

No summary text is published for this record: the text held for each field did not answer the heading it was filed under. This does not change the record’s review status.

Study design

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Participants or experimental system

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Study scale

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Intervention or exposure

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Comparator

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Outcomes examined

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Key findings

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Limitations and uncertainty

Not published. The text held for this field did not answer this heading, so nothing is shown here and nothing is substituted for it.

Product relevance and evidence boundary

This record is a published study, held here with its citation and review status. It is not a statement that any catalog item is effective, safe, or suitable for any use, and nothing in it is a dose or a protocol.

Evidence verified by machine against declared source. Verification is limited to the declared source and review scope. It does not mean independent replication or establish efficacy, safety, or suitability.